About the images in the page headers

"Group of Jewish children with a teacher, Samarkand," taken by Sergeĭ Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorskiĭ between 1905 and 1915. He was one of the pioneers of color photography.


Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorskii Collection, U.S. Library of Congress.

"Jewish wedding rituals. Devishnik (shebi dukhtaran)." Party given by a Central Asian Jewish bride on the eve of her wedding. Photo taken sometime from 1865 to 1872.


Prints and Photographs Division, U.S. Library of Congress.

"Jew[ish] New Year - going to prayers," circa 1910 to circa 1915, probably New York City.


George Grantham Bain Collection, U.S. Library of Congress.

"Group of mainly female shirtwaist workers on strike, in a room, New York," January 1910.


George Grantham Bain Collection, U.S. Library of Congress.

"Costumes and characters, etc. Group of old Jews," also known as "Palestine Jerusalem Learned Jews." Photo taken 1898 to 1914 by the American Colony (Jerusalem) Photo Department.


G. Eric and Edith Matson Photograph Collection, U.S. Library of Congress.

"Jews' Wailing Wall." Photo taken circa 1900 to circa 1920 by the American Colony (Jerusalem) Photo Department.


G. Eric and Edith Matson Photograph Collection, U.S. Library of Congress.

"Confirmation," photo by Mandelkern, circa 1900.


From the April 1901 issue of The World's Work magazine.

"Group of school children—all Jews. Public school, Woodbine, N. J. "


From the book The Immigrant Jew in America by Edmund J. James, Oscar R. Flynn et al. (New York: B. F. Buck, 1906).

"The Meat Market, Polotzk," from the book The Promised Land by Mary Antin (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1912).
"New Jewish market on the East Side, New York," a postcard published by the Detroit Publishing Company, 1901; composited with a high-definition scan of the original glass black-and-white negative, 1890s or early 1900s.


Source images: Detroit Publishing Collection, U.S. Library of Congress.